Scaling and root planing is a common but often misunderstood procedure in the field of dental hygiene and periodontology. This non-invasive procedure is the mainstay of treatment for gum disease, specifically periodontitis – a chronic inflammation of the gums that can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.
What does “scaling” mean, and why is it important?
Scaling is a professional dental cleaning aimed at removing tartar (calcified dental plaque) and bacterial biofilm that accumulates both above and below the gums in what are called periodontal pockets. These pockets form when the gums begin to separate from the teeth due to inflammation. The bacteria that multiply in these pockets cause the gradual destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth.
Tartar is hard and cannot be removed with a regular toothbrush. It is an ideal environment for bacteria to multiply and worsen inflammation. Regular professional removal of this deposit is therefore key to preventing and treating periodontal disease.
Root planing – what is it?
Root planing is a slightly deeper and more complex procedure than scaling itself. It involves gently “smoothing” the surface of the tooth root, which is often rough, contaminated with toxins, and attacked by bacteria due to inflammation. The goal is not only to remove tartar and plaque residues, but also to create a smooth surface to which the gum can safely attach again. This reduces periodontal pockets and prevents the re-settling of bacteria.
This procedure is often performed under local anesthesia, especially if the pockets are deep and the procedure is performed along several teeth. Sometimes it needs to be divided into several visits, for example, treating the right and left sides of the mouth separately.
When is the procedure necessary?
Scaling and root planing are recommended for patients diagnosed with periodontitis, especially if there is loss of gum attachment, deep periodontal pockets, or visible signs of inflammation, such as bleeding when brushing. This procedure can stop the progression of the disease, improve gum health, and prevent tooth loss.
Prevention is also an important factor - regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings can prevent periodontitis from developing in the first place.
Benefits and possible complications
The main benefit of scaling and root planing is improving the condition of the gums and stabilizing periodontal health. In many cases, pockets are reduced, inflammation is reduced, the tooth attachment is strengthened, and some tissues even regenerate. Other positive effects include better breath, reduced gum bleeding, and less tooth mobility.
Possible complications include temporary tooth sensitivity to heat and cold, sore gums after the procedure, or minor bleeding. However, these problems are usually mild and short-lived. In some cases, surgery may be necessary if the condition does not improve with conservative methods.
Aftercare and prevention
It is important to follow the instructions of your dentist or dental hygienist after the procedure. This includes gentle brushing with a soft toothbrush, using interdental brushes, antiseptic mouthwash, and regular visits to the office.
Scaling and root planing are not a one-time solution, but part of a long-term care plan. Only consistent oral hygiene and regular check-ups can maintain the results of the treatment.
In conclusion
Scaling and root planing are key procedures in the treatment of periodontitis. Their goal is to remove harmful deposits from the tooth surface and roots, reduce gingivitis, and restore oral health. They are effective, relatively safe, and often crucial in saving teeth that might otherwise be lost. Early diagnosis and professional treatment are the keys to success, so please contact us today for an appointment!